Ventaja estratégica en el cielo: experiencia en juegos y eficiencia operativa: revelando la menor carga de trabajo percibida y los posibles beneficios de los jugadores como pilotos de drones
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55414/yt376881Palabras clave:
Vehículo aéreo no tripulado, Carga de trabajo, Drones, Simulador de vuelo, Factor humano, VideojuegosResumen
Introducción. Los vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV) desempeñan un papel crucial en operaciones militares y civiles modernas, exigiendo un rendimiento cognitivo óptimo de sus pilotos. Los pilotos de drones suelen experimentar lapsos de atención y disminuciones en el rendimiento, lo que puede poner en peligro el éxito de las misiones, la ejecución de tareas y su bienestar. Las investigaciones existentes muestran que los jugadores de videojuegos superan a los no jugadores en ciertas habilidades cognitivas, como el seguimiento visual, la atención y la rotación mental. Este estudio explora cómo la experiencia en videojuegos puede moldear las habilidades y la percepción de la carga de trabajo de los posibles pilotos de UAV. Método. Se llevó a cabo un estudio piloto con dos grupos: jugadores de videojuegos (n = 22) y no jugadores (n = 29). Los participantes realizaron tareas simuladas de vuelo de drones utilizando un Phantom 3 en el simulador Aerosim RC. El rendimiento y la carga de trabajo se evaluaron mediante el AWT, una prueba derivada del NASA-TLX. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los jugadores y los no jugadores en el rendimiento y la carga de trabajo. La prueba U de Mann-Whitney reveló que los jugadores completaron las tareas simuladas de vuelo en menos tiempo (z = -4.168, p < 0.01) y cometieron menos errores (z = -4.690, p< 0.01) en comparación con los no jugadores. Además, los jugadores reportaron una carga de trabajo significativamente menor en todas las variables medidas por el AWT. Discusión. Los resultados sugieren que la experiencia en videojuegos mejora el rendimiento en el pilotaje de drones y reduce la carga de trabajo percibida. Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones para la mejora de los protocolos de formación y selección de pilotos de UAV en contextos tanto militares como civiles. La integración de evaluaciones basadas en videojuegos en el proceso de formación podría ser una vía prometedora para optimizar las capacidades de los operadores de UAV y garantizar el éxito de las misiones.
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